What Should You Do Once You Have Determined That The Animal Is Dead?

Frequently Asked Questions on Lost Pets
Christopher A. Berry (2010)

Q. What steps tin I take before my pet gets lost to maximize my chance of getting it back?

Q. My pet just ran away from home, what should I do?

Q. I lost my pet several months ago and I recall I saw information technology at a business firm on the other side of boondocks. How practise I get my pet back?

Q. Tin can I sue an animal shelter for putting my pet to sleep?

Q. I plant out that my lost pet was adopted by some other family unit from a shelter and I want information technology back. What can I do?

Q. I found a stray pet and don't know what I should do.

Q. ...what if I want to go along the pet?

Q. ...what if the pet needs medical assistance or needs to be put to sleep?

Q. My neighbour e'er lets his pet roam exterior without supervision. Can I accept it to a shelter?

Answers

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Q. What steps can I take before my pet gets lost to maximize my chance of getting it back?

A. It is very wise to take sure measures to protect yourself and your pet in case it gets lost. Almost cities require domestic dog owners to register their domestic dog with the local government. Taking this step is important because it may give you actress legal rights and improve your chances of existence reunited with the domestic dog if it is taken by creature control.

Information technology is also wise to put a collar or tags on your pet with your contact information and then if it gets lost it can be easily reunited with you. This is peculiarly important for outdoor cats because many people do not put tags or collars on their cats.

Peradventure the best measure y'all can take is to microchip your animal . Most shelters and veterinarians scan for microchips and many are actually required by police force to do and then. Microchipped dogs detect their mode back to their owner about 52.2% of the time as compared to 21.9% for ones without microchips. Microchipped cats are reunited with their owners 38.5% of the fourth dimension but but i.viii% of the time if they are non microchipped.

While stories of microchips causing cancer have emerged, the American Veterinary Medical Clan strongly encourages microchipping anyway considering the risk of cancer is and so pocket-size compared to the gamble of losing your pet. Since stray pets may ultimately dice while devious or get put to sleep if unclaimed at an animal shelter, death is more probable to effect by an owner's failure to microchip their pet.

Q. My pet just ran away from home, what should I do?

A. If your pet ran abroad from home, there are several things you should do. Commencement of all you lot should contact local veterinarians, animal shelters, and brute control bureau. There may be more than ane animate being shelter in your city and oftentimes there are shelters for the city and shelters for the county. Do a thorough job locating and contacting all possible places. Continue to check up over the next several days every bit your ownership rights over the creature may exist extinguished in every bit little as two days if yous do non observe and reclaim it.

In addition to contacting local animal agencies and veterinarians, yous should post notice of your lost pet in your neighborhood and community. This way, if someone finds your pet they can reach you lot. If someone decides to keep the pet, your effort to observe the pet may give you a greater legal edge in court.

Q. I lost my pet several months ago and I think I saw it at a business firm on the other side of boondocks. How do I get my pet back?

A. Sometimes when pets wander away from home they will be adopted off the street by well-significant citizens. If you lost your pet and think it is living in some other home, there are a few things to keep in mind.

First of all, you may want to visit the dwelling and tell them what is going on. You can ask to await at the animal up shut to see whether it is really yours. If information technology is your pet, hopefully the people will be kind enough to plough it over. If they do not turn it over you can always exercise your rights in courtroom.

Your legal right to get the pet back volition depend on a few things. If the adopter took your dog right off the street your rights will probably be governed past the traditional legal rule allowing the "truthful owner" of property to repossess it. However, this "right to reclaim" may exist lost if y'all did non make a reasonable effort to detect the pet, meant to abandon the pet, or waited a long time to bring the outcome to courtroom.

In a few states, your right to get the pet dorsum may exist governed by a lost property statute. Lost belongings statutes require people who find a wallet of money on the basis, for example, to put up fliers and newspapers ads as well as report information technology to the police. If the owner does not repossess the holding within a few months, it may go to the finder, go to the local government, or exist sold at auction with the income shared between the finder and regime. It is possible that these laws volition apply to pets in some states although it is unclear considering most courts have not decided the issue.

If the pet was adopted from an beast shelter, you will probably be unable to get the pet back. Animal command laws permit stray pets to be impounded for a belongings period that only lasts a few days. If the owner does not come frontward during that time to reclaim the pet, the shelter tin either place it for adoption, sell it to a research facility, or put information technology to sleep. The simply way to get the animal dorsum from someone who adopted the pet from a shelter is to prove that the shelter did not comply with the law. Perchance the shelter did not make reasonable efforts to locate the owner, did not concur the pet for the proper period of fourth dimension, or did not take the power to pick up the pet in the commencement place.

Ultimately, if someone else has your pet and you desire it back you lot should either try to come up to an agreement with the person who has your pet or consult with an attorney.

Q. Can I sue an animal shelter for putting my pet to sleep?

A. Maybe. Equally discussed in the previous question, animal command laws allow shelters to hold stray pets and get rid of them after a holding period that normally lasts a few days. If the shelter puts the pet to sleep, sterilizes it, sells it, or places it up for adoption after the holding period the owner usually loses his or her right to get information technology back.

However, you may exist able to sue the shelter if information technology failed to follow past the police. If information technology disposed of the pet in an illegal style, acquired it illegitimately, did not brand efforts to observe the owner, put the pet to sleep information technology without a reason, or did not proceed the pet for the full property catamenia and then it may exist liable to you for the damage information technology caused.

An beast shelter might likewise be liable for damaging a pet if y'all tried to repossess it before information technology was damaged. In one example, a court awarded damages to a canis familiaris possessor whose dog was sterilized afterward he asked for it back even though the holding period had already expired.

Lastly, the shelter might be liable for violating your constitutional rights if its actions were unreasonable. Withal, this argument is probable to fail as courts regularly uphold the government's power to take and dispose of stray animals. The shelter'south deport must be especially unreasonable and abnormal to rise to the level of a constitutional violation.

Q. I constitute out that my lost pet was adopted by some other family from a shelter and I want information technology back. What can I do?

A. There may be very little you can practice if your pet was adopted by another family from a shelter. If the shelter complied with the local laws, information technology probably had a correct to place your pet upwards for adoption considering of your failure to reclaim the pet within the property menstruum. Look at above at the ii previous questions for scenarios where an owner's rights may take been violated.

If yous do remember your rights have been violated, you will probably need to apply legal processes to brand the shelter to disclose the identity of the adopter so you can ask the adopter to render the creature or sue them if necessary. The court will simply order a shelter to disclose the adopter's identity but if it is relevant to your lawsuit and it will probably only exist relevant if you lot allege that the shelter did not comply with the law.

Q. I institute a stray pet and don't know what I should practise.

A. If you find a stray pet, your deportment will depend on your own values and desires.

If you are non interested in adopting the pet simply want to help it out, you take a legal correct to take it in and care for it or to exercise aught. If you decide to help the pet you larn a duty to the pet'south owner to accept reasonable intendance of information technology and make reasonable efforts to reunite it with the owner. You also acquire a duty to the rest of the world to keep them safe from the pet. In other words, you can exist sued if you unreasonably cause impairment to the pet or to someone else because of the pet.

In one case you take the pet, yous can either hold on to it temporarily while yous look effectually the community for the pet'southward possessor or yous tin give up it to animal control. If information technology ends up at an brute shelter, at that place is a considerable hazard that it will be put to sleep afterward a short period of time and so the nicest thing to do for the beast may exist to hold on to information technology while looking for its owner before surrendering it.

Q. ...what if I want to keep the pet?

A. If you want to go along the stray pet, you have a few options and duties. You could simply take it into your home and start taking intendance of it. If you do this, you should at least put up some notices in your local newspaper, courthouse, and community to give the owner a chance to reclaim the pet. Your failure to requite notice is likely to give the possessor legal ammunition if the consequence always goes to court. As mentioned earlier, giving find to the community may really be required in some states.

Taking a pet directly off the street and taking care of it in your habitation has some risk. The owner of a lost pet can come up forward several months or even years subsequently yous start taking intendance of the pet and reclaim it. (The exact timing depends on the land and city where you lot live). This tin exist painful for y'all if y'all've formed a bond with the pet, and harmful to the pet too since a change in lifestyle may exist upsetting for it.

Because it may have so long for an owner'due south rights to exist extinguished if you lot just start taking care of a devious pet, the nigh efficient approach may be to accept the pet to an animal shelter and adopt it after the holding menstruation. The shelter volition concur the pet for a few days and give the possessor a risk to claim information technology. If the pet is non claimed, it will commonly be placed for adoption.

Exist certain to ask whether the animal will be put up for adoption and how long information technology has to hold the animal. Inform the shelter that you will be back to prefer information technology. There is a small adventure to the animate being that the shelter will determine it's not fit for adoption or will euthanize it before you come back to claim it. Even so, if everything goes as planned you will acquire ownership rights in the pet in every bit little equally a few days instead of a few years.

At least once state (Northward Carolina) allows y'all to look after the pet as an amanuensis of the shelter and adopt it after the holding menses expires. This eliminates the risk that something bad will happen to the animal while waiting in the shelter.

Q. ...what if the pet needs medical help or needs to exist euthanized?

A. If you find a stray pet that appears to demand medical assistance, there are a few things to keep in mind. The first thing to keep in heed is that ordinary people don't demand to do annihilation to help the pet although the humane thing to exercise is find information technology help.

If yous decide to intervene, you must make reasonable decisions. Although some states offer additional legal protection from liability if you are acting as a Good Samaritan, not all states practice. Some places require that you brand an try to find the owner and put upwardly notices before you take the correct to brand decisions regarding the animal's well-being. If the situation is an emergency such an endeavour is probably not necessary.

Since the pet appears to need medical attention, the reasonable and humane affair to do is bring information technology to a veterinarian. Be sure the veterinarian knows that you found the brute and how much (if any) you are willing to pay for assistance. Some states impose a duty on veterinarians to provide at least minimal assistance to alleviate animal suffering even if the owner is not present, and some veterinarians may provide treatment out of pity even if not obligated to do then.

If the veterinarian recommends putting the pet to sleep, the safest approach to take is to tell the veterinarian that you lot do non feel comfortable making that authorisation since you practise not own the pet. Some courts have upheld lawsuits against individuals who discover pets and authorize their destruction nether certain circumstances.

Q. My neighbor always lets his pet roam exterior without supervision. Tin I take it to a shelter?

A. It is non advisable to take a pet roaming outside and dispose of it if y'all know who its owner is. Start of all, trapping a neighbour's pet is not neighborly. You should endeavor to mediate the dispute or at least put the owner on notice before taking any activeness. If the pet is bothering you, so you tin can have the owner to court to compensate y'all for damages.

Second of all, you may be guilty of theft or liable for damages to the pet if y'all take it. Some court decisions have actually permitted people to take their neighbors' roaming animals to shelters simply in that location is no guarantee that all states would permit that kind of acquit.  In fact, some states expressly make it a crime to keep lost holding with knowledge of its owner.

Lastly, such a drastic action as taking an animal to a shelter could inflict emotional harm on your neighbor and result in the pet existence put to sleep.

Overview of Lost Dog Laws
Rebecca F. Wisch (2006)

Unlike cruelty laws or impound laws, no state appears to directly address the upshot of lost pets in its statutory lawmaking. Indeed, while many states define dogs and cats every bit the personal property of their owners by statute, these states exclude domestic animals from their lost belongings statutes. This is ironic because the understood value we place upon companion animals in our social club and the level of regulation states employ to animals.

The common constabulary (the law that developed every bit a result of court decisions) generally holds that a finder of lost property has rights superior to anyone else in the property, except the true possessor. Dogs and other companion animals are considered the personal holding of their owners. Thus, the short legal answer to the question above provides that if a rightful possessor finds his or her canis familiaris, he or she and so can assert ownership.  The reality that a court may consider other factors, such every bit how long the person who finds the canis familiaris has cared for information technology, the efforts that have been made by the original owner, and the relative "value" each party has invested in the dog in terms of veterinary or other intendance.

One important distinction must be made first when considering this legal question; that is, what is the status of the "finder?" Is the person who finds the dog an agent of the state (i.due east., a local sheriff, animal control officeholder, or other law enforcement agent) or is the person a individual party?  The answer to this question volition determine both the procedure for dealing with a lost pet and, most significantly, the time frame an owner has to recover his or her pet.  In this discussion, both the status of a lost canis familiaris when the finder is a private individual and when the finder is a country amanuensis will be addressed.

Beginning first with the issue of when a private party is the finder, it appears that only 1 courtroom from Vermont has dealt with this issue.  In that example, a mixed-breed puppy, who was trained by its owner to be a hunting dog, broke gratuitous from its chain and was lost.  A couple of weeks after another person plant the dog and took it in.  She then chosen the local humane gild (who advised her to keep the domestic dog until information technology was claimed) and gave a description of the dog.  The finder also posted some printed notices around boondocks and bundled for some radio broadcasts reporting her finding of the lost canis familiaris.  After the finder failed to hear dorsum from the humane gild or from whatsoever of the ads, she welcomed the domestic dog into her home.

A yr later, the original possessor located the domestic dog in the finder'due south yard and took information technology habitation.  The finder brought an action in court  to recover the dog.  In application ownership to the finder, the court noted the public policy interests in giving buying to the finder, such as limiting the roaming of devious dogs and encouraging intendance for lost pets.  Such a policy of giving a lost pet to a finder who makes reasonable efforts to locate the original owner reduces the burden on public animal shelters too as the number of animals scheduled for euthanasia.  The court plant the finder'south efforts met this burden of reasonable efforts and the time menstruation was long plenty to justify giving her ownership of the dog.  ( Run across , Morgan five. Kropua , 702 A.2d 630 (Vt. 1997).

Whether this reasoning would exist followed in states other than Vermont is unclear.  Would the courts in your state hold that reasonable efforts and time are sufficient to overcome the common law rule of an owner's superior interest?  2 states, Hawaii and Maine, really practice mention the term "stray dog" in their dog statutes.  Hawaii law states that "[due east]very person who takes into the person'south possession whatever devious canis familiaris shall immediately notify the animal control officer and release the dog to the fauna control officer upon demand."  Hullo ST § 143-10 .  The fauna control agency and so notifies the registered possessor in writing if the dogs has tags.  This possessor so has 20-iv hours afterward the notice is given to reclaim the canis familiaris.  Should he or she fail to do so in that time, or the canis familiaris does not accept tags, the animal shelter then retains the canis familiaris for nine days, whereupon information technology can be sold or destroyed.  Similarly, Maine constabulary as well requires that a person finding a stray canis familiaris who takes control of that canis familiaris either has to take it to the owner, if known, or to the animal shelter where the dog was found.  ME ST T.7 § 3913 .  The owner then has six days to reclaim the canis familiaris from the shelter.

Two things go apparent from these two statutes.  First, both states require that the domestic dog is either returned to the owner or given to an animal command officer or shelter.  Second, these laws imply that the finder cannot retain the dog and must turn it over to municipal officials.  Thus, the rule from the Vermont Morgan case that reasonable efforts to detect the owner while caring for the dog is not immune by these statutes.

This result is further muddy by the fact that twenty states have enacted lost property statutes that prepare out a process when lost property has been found.  These statutes set out a series of steps a finder must follow when coming upon lost holding.

Mostly, these statutes determine the procedure that a finder must undertake when finding lost property, which is usually based on the budgetary value of the constitute property.  In other words, a state will require further efforts on the office of the finder of valuable property versus ordinary, low-valued items. Most lost mixed-brood pets will fall into the depression market place value statutory requirements. These laws require f inders to report and/or relinquish the property to local authorities, advertise the find in a local newspaper, or otherwise attempt to find the true possessor.  Afterward a period of time (anywhere from three to half-dozen months), the finder may claim ownership to the property.

The problem with these statutes is that they may specifically exclude "domestic animals" from their provisions. However, the phrase "domestic animals" could exist construed by those courts to refer to only commercial animals or livestock and not companion animals.  This and then leaves a vacuum in the law for the legal status of lost and found pets.  D espite the fact dogs are considered personal property and no other statutes concern pets equally lost property, these provisions may non employ to companion animals. Of the approximately twenty states and District of Columbia that take lost property sections, two specifically exclude domestic animals from their application ( New York and South Dakota ).  Those states that do not explicitly exclude animals from their lost property statutes employ a statutory procedure for finders of lost property.

Country lost property statutes reiterate the mutual police notion that a finder's rights are inferior to those of the true owner. Under most laws, a finder either becomes a bailee , a person to whom goods are entrusted or retained for a period of time, or a depository of the appurtenances until he or she places them with police enforcement. Connecticut , for instance, makes a finder a bailee of lost goods, but also requires the reporting of the notice to the local police section.  Similarly, in Florida , a finder must relinquish possession to police enforcement officials.  In fact, "[i]t is unlawful for whatsoever person who finds any lost or abased holding to appropriate the aforementioned to his or her own use or to turn down to deliver the aforementioned when required" in Florida.

Under most such statutes, the property is retained by either the bailee or the police department for a certain period of time. In Connecticut, a finder will be notified subsequently half dozen months that no owner has come forward to reclaim the appurtenances. Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. §§ fifty- 12, 13 . The belongings may then exist turned over to the finder if he or she pays any applicable inventory fees to the police department. Florida law requires that a finder deposit a sum to comprehend inventory and notification with the police when he or she brings lost property. Fla. Stat. Ann. 705.x 2 . As with Connecticut, Maine as well allows a finder to recover the goods afterwards vi months, provided he or she pays half the value of the goods. Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 33, § 1056.

These statutes illustrate the difficulty in applying lost property statutes to companion animals. What police department or shelter for that affair is equipped to retain lost pets for half dozen months in accordance with the state law? Animals, while considered property of their owners, are not appurtenances in the traditional sense. They must be fed, watered, sheltered, and given dear and attention. Thus, even where the lost property statute mandates that the goods must be turned over the to the police force, public policy may dictate that a finder of a lost dog or cat is entitled to intendance for the animal until the owner is located.

Oklahoma's police is then perhaps the most applicative of all the lost belongings statutes to lost pets. Instead of applying a procedure where a finder must relinquish the goods to local government, finders become lawful baileees entitled to bounty for care of the goods. Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. fifteen, §§ 511 .  A person is not bound by this law to accept charge of the good, just, if he or she undertakes this responsibleness, statutory provisions must be followed.  ( Click here for a list of country lost property statutes).

Information technology should be noted that most states have statutes related to the taking up of "estays" or estray animals. These statutes, commonly dating back to the 1800's, accept more often than not been held by courts to comprehend only agricultural animals that have escaped their pens or pastures. Illinois' provisions under the Estrays and Lost Property Human activity illustrate this distinction. The estray provisions of the Act state that "Any horses, mules, asses, cattle, swine, sheep or goats constitute straying, the possessor thereof existence unknown, may exist taken upward as estrays in the same mode as provided for lost goods." IL 765 I.L.C.S. 1020/1, IL ST CH 765 § 1020/1 .  It is highly unlikely that a court would expand these antiquated statutes to include domestic cats and dogs.

While the lost property statutes may exist extraneous, it is possible that state licensing and registration laws may shed some lite on the status of lost dogs.  The licensing and registration system for dogs strives to legally assign ownership for dogs and keep dogs from running at large.  In Michigan, for example, country law provides that the registration number assigned to a dog constitutes title to the dog possessor.  MCL § 287.302 .  Thus, buying of a dog is legally recognized when an owner receives tags for his or her dog.  The owner may then pass championship to another individual by sale or other transfer.  This is meaning considering it reinforces the common police notion of a rightful owner under common constabulary.

In fact, Michigan law too provides that i who takes up a devious dog may receive compensation for boarding a dog.  "Any person finding a dog registered under the provisions of this act shall be entitled to the sum of 25 cents per twenty-four hours for boarding such dog, such board to be paid past the owner. The commissioner of agriculture shall furnish such finder with the proper noun and address of the owner, upon asking."  MCL § 287.305 .  While this statute recognizes and in fact rewards a finder of lost pets who cares for the animal, it does niggling to resolve the ownership conflict.  Is the menses of boarding indefinite while the finder bonds with the animal?

Finally, some states inadvertently recognize original title to dogs by criminalizing the stealing of dogs.  For example, Michigan has a specific law that makes it a misdemeanor to steal, confine, or secrete any licensed dog.  MCL § 287.286b.   As well, New York also has a dog stealing statute under its section on licensing of dogs.  Under that constabulary, an owner must study the loss or theft of any licensed dog within x days of the discovery.  NY Ag & Mkts. Police § 113.   Such laws, like near other criminal laws, require a sure intent. Here, one must possess the intent to steal a dog, and will not be applicable to 1 who simply takes up a stray dog.

Information technology must besides be made articulate that the original question above presupposes that the beagle is lost and not abandoned.  This, of course, will exist based on an analysis of the owner's intent when the beagle was lost and the surrounding circumstances (e.k., did the beagle run out the door or was it "lost" by the side of the route far from its home?).  Under common law, title to abandoned belongings, or holding that is intentionally and voluntarily relinquished by the possessor, goes to the next person who possesses the belongings.  This rule of law is ofttimes statutorily granted to animal shelters; laws may explicitly country that when companion animals who are voluntarily "abased" to animal shelters, title automatically passes.  However, abandonment of companion animals in unsuitable or illegal situations, such as on a roadside or at a veterinarian'due south office, may carry with it other legal ramifications.  In fact, under most cruelty laws information technology is violation to intentionally abandon a companion animate being.  ( Click here for an example of the Florida animal abandonment statute).

All being said, at that place is very little guidance nether state laws every bit to championship for lost dogs. The exception is where the finding party is the state itself.  If the person who finds the dog reports it to animal command, the dog will exist kept for a period of time that is determined by state law. Nearly all states mandate the seizure of loose dogs past country officials. These laws substantially empower local fauna control agencies to selection upward companion animals institute running at large. (Click here for a more on  state impound laws ). Unfortunately, many of these laws often permit swift activity if the dog is perceived as a threat to public safety. That is, many of these statutes provide for the killing of whatever canis familiaris plant at large. While this is conspicuously not a comforting thought, owners should understand that loose dogs will likely be seized and impounded if institute by animal control or other police force enforcement. These animals are and so kept for a statutorily proscribed length of fourth dimension at an animal control facility (usually around seven days depending on state law). Virginia's statute exemplifies such an impoundment law. The law explains that all dogs running at big without tags are subject to confinement. Information technology then outlines the recordkeeping procedure for impounded dogs, the efforts the pound must employ to detect the dogs' owners, and how a rightful owner may recover his or her domestic dog. Va. Code Ann. § 3.1-796.96 . Regardless of how long an animal is kept by constabulary, owners should empathize that they will lose championship to a pet much faster with when the finder is the state.

The detail incorporated into state impound statutes of recent years illustrates the public policy concerns inherent in taking upwards a valued and perhaps irreplaceable piece of belongings.  Again, the Supreme Courtroom of Vermont has addressed the issue of title when the finder of a lost dog is a state agent.  In Lamare five. North Country Animal League , 743 A.2d 598 (Vt. 1999), an unlicensed dog escaped her m and was later plant by a couple who reported the find to the local fauna warden.  Equally required by the town ordinance, placed notices describing the dog in the village store, post office, and town clerk's role. After holding Baton for nine days from the date of impoundment without whatever response to the notices, Goff transferred Baton into the care and custody of defendant N Country Fauna League, where Billy remained for approximately three weeks.

A short time later, the original dog's owners contacted the Animal League who so told them they must go through a formal adoption procedure.  During the awarding process, the dog was adopted out to another couple.  The domestic dog's original owners then sued the Animal League and the instance was decided for the League.  On entreatment, the court again affirmed the determination in favor of the League, noting that the ordinance and public policy enabled the League to pass title.

The town must have the ability to make some humane disposition of the animal after a certain period of impoundment has expired. Plaintiffs' narrow construction of the statute would finer compel the town to care for impounded domestic animals in perpetuity if the rightful possessor never came forrard, a result plainly at odds with reason and sound policy.

Lamarre at --.

Despite the wide authority land agents are given with regard to animal control, information technology is highly unlikely that any local agencies would enforce a "shoot now, ask questions subsequently" policy in this solar day and historic period. In fact, one California court has held that while local agencies are entitled to seize unsafe dogs under their law power potency, due process requires that owners are given a meaningful opportunity to be heard at a hearing. ( Run across, Phillips v. San Luis Obispo County Dept ., 228 Cal.Rptr. 101 Cal.App. (2 Dist. 1986).

Again, the short answer here is that a rightful owner has a superior ownership interest equally to a finder in a lost canis familiaris.  The case from Vermont explains that public policy may override this bones common police force presumption to requite a finder who has employed reasonable efforts to find an possessor legal title.  Two states, however, mandate that a finder take the devious canis familiaris to an animal shelter instead of retaining it.  Conspicuously, a finder of a lost pet should written report the finding to the local animate being shelter who may be able to give some practical communication on what to practice.  Similar so many areas of companion fauna law, the police itself has much progress to meet the reality of pet ownership.

Source: https://www.animallaw.info/intro/lost-dogs

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